Problems with Cultural Relativism in Anthropology

Cultural Relativism and Problems Associated with This Approach Cultural anthropology is the study of cultural variation among people. An essential concept that professional anthropologists apply in their fieldworks is - cultural relativism - an approach to study of the nature and role of values in a culture without judgment and comparison to their own. According to the Study Guide, Smillie and Kenny state that major contribution to the study of the concept of cultural relativism can be attributed to Boas and his students, who challenged a wide-spread idea that societies are staged along a line from the most undeveloped to most â€Å"civilized.† Rather, they suggested that each individual culture should be understood in terms of its unique†¦show more content†¦Thus, in order to understand and speculate about others, it is important to understand human nature in the light of unique cultural customs and beliefs before passing judgment. However, there are situations when it is difficult to suspend judgment and engage with a cultural relativist approach. Particularly, when people engage in behaviors that are harmful to individuals or when basic human rights are at stake, sometimes it is necessary to intervene and hold back cultural tolerance. On the other hand, it has been questioned whether it is ethical to impose one’s beliefs and cultural standards on someone else; especially, when subjected individuals have no concerns with their controversial cultural practices. Who decides at what degree of a controversial issue an anthropologist has a right to intervene on account of human rights violation? On that note, this paper will focus on the issues of human rights violation that makes it difficult to engage in cultural relativism. While each cultural practice, controversial or not, can be justified within its cultural content, it does not mean that it is appropriate and accepted. Take into account an international debate that has been going on over the issue of â€Å"female circumcision† discussed in the article â€Å"Searching for Voices:Show MoreRelatedAnthropology : An Anthropological Perspective874 Words   |  4 Pages Anthropology is the study of humans throughout the world. It examines our ancestors, how we behave, adapt to different environments, communicate, socialize with one another, and more. The study of anthropology focuses on the features that make us human; our genetic makeup, the evolution of humans, and the physiology. It also focuses on language, religion, family, and more. The goal of anthropology is to be able to describe and analyze the different cultures. Anthropologist believes that the onlyRead More Cultural Relativism vs. Ethnocentism - which is more objective?1042 Words    |  5 Pagesultimately subjective, as our perceptions of cultural differences are shaped largely by our immersion in our own culture. An ethnocentric approach stems from judging an alternate culture in relation to one’s own pre-conceived cultural values, held to be superior; the parallax phenomenon, the inability to escape our own biases, prevents objective analysis of different cultures. A cultural relativist maintains the post-modernist view that there is no moral or cultural high-ground with which to judge one cultureRead MoreStudy questions Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesas race, class and sexuality? Why are these factors difficult to label and identify? How has anthropology changed since its origins? Why is globalization difficult to define? What are the different spheres of globalization? What processes are involved in globalization? Which aspects of globalization are old and which ones are recent? What are the critiques of globalization? Why is anthropology interested in globalization and its impact on gender? Chapter 2. 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Philosophical means articulation, argumentation, analysis, and synthesis of the idea, principle or concept. [1] Implication is a relationship between two propositions that holds when both propositions are true and fails when the first is true but the second is false. It is to develop a logical cohesion among argumentsRead MoreThe Human Terrain System ( Hts )856 Words   |  4 Pagesthe military units in countries like Afghanistan and Iraq to prevent rebellion towards the US troops. The use of anthropology and anthropologists in the HTS comes with a great deal of problems, which are not accounted for but turn out to have a huge impact on the world. Resulting in the false representation and thereby, harm, towards a specific community, the issue of cultural relativism and deaths/injuries to anthropologists Using anthropologists in situations like this causes false representationRead MoreCultural Differences Between Social Systems And Human Relationships1614 Words   |  7 Pagesbacklash their ethnography created or even plain and simple cultural differences. Anthropology tries to account for the social and cultural variation in the world, but an important part of any anthropological project, such as an ethnography also consists of understanding similarities between social systems and human relationships. As one of the foremost anthropologists of the 20th century, Claude Là ©vi-Strauss (1908[2009), once wrote, â€Å"Anthropology has humanity as its object of research, but unlike theRead MoreEthnocentrism1047 Words   |  5 Pages(Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism) As a Sociologist, should we practice Cultural Ethnocentrism or Cultural Relativism? We must first understand the two distinct theories regarding perception of outside cultures: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of ones own culture.[1] The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concernRead MoreEthical Relativism Is An Unsound And Unreliable Ethical Philosophy1742 Words   |  7 Pages Ethical Relativism is an unsound and unreliable ethical philosophy Mohammed Jweihan Ethics for a Global Economy Ethical Relativism is an unsound and unreliable ethical philosophy Cultural and ethical relativisms are widely used theories that explain differences among cultures and their ethics and morals. Morality deals with individual character and the moral rules that are meant to govern and limit one’s character. On the other hand Ethics is somewhat interchangeable with moralsRead MoreCultural Relativsim vs. Ethnocentrism1190 Words   |  5 Pagesfoundation of ethnocentrism and intolerance; when you only know of those like yourself, it is easy to imagine that you are alone in the world or alone in being good and right in the world. Exposure to diversity, on the contrary, is the basis for relativism and tolerance; when you are forced to face and accept the Other as real, unavoidable, and ultimately valuable, you cannot help but see yourself and your truths in a new - and trouble - way.† What he meant is that because some people are isolated

Answer Key Essay - 33443 Words

International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) An Applied Approach 2013 Update for use with 2012 Edition Revisions and Exercise Answer Key Lynn M. Kuehn, MS, RHIA, CCS-P, FAHIMA Therese M. Jorwic, MPH, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, FAHIMA ICD-10-PCS Flashcards The first step in mastering ICD-10-PCS is to become familiar with the terminology, structure and format of this new code set. In addition to the Flash Card software program found on the CD-ROM in the back of the text, AHIMA also offers a deck of ICD-10-PCS flashcards. These high quality flashcards will help you to learn all of the definitions. The full-color flashcards define the 31 Medical and Surgical Root Operations and the†¦show more content†¦The last sentence now reads â€Å"Example: In the Lower Joints body system, the device value 3 in the root operation Insertion specifies Infusion Device and the device value 3 in the root operation Replacement specifies Ceramic Synthetic Substitute.† Coding Guideline B3.1b on page 35 updated. The Guideline now reads: â€Å"Components of a procedure specified in the root operation definition and explanation are not coded separately. Procedural steps necessary to reach the operative site and close the operative site, including anastomosis of a tubular body part, are also not coded separately.† Also in this Guideline there is a sentence added to the Example that reads: â€Å"In a resection of sigmoid colon with anastomosis of descending colon to rectum, the anastomosis is not coded separately.† New Coding Guideline B4.8 to be added on page 46 On page 56 in Operative Report #2 in the Description of Operative Technique in the 9th line, change the sentence to read: â€Å"A portion of the skin of the plantar aspect of the footShow MoreRelatedanswer key1163 Words   |  5 Pageshave in your account today?   a.  $4,925.34 b.  $5,634.48 c.  $13,880.59 d.  $18,121.84 e.  $19,369.43 21. Given the balance sheet and income state for Marni Company, compute the ratios that are also shown for the industry average. The right answer refers to the question of whether a particular ratio for Marni is better or worse than the industry average. (20 points) MARNI COMPANY Balance Sheet As of December 31, 2006 Assets Liabilities Cash $50,000 Accounts Payable $100Read MoreMotivation Is The Key Answer1390 Words   |  6 PagesAt school we can often see two types of students: some doing everything to achieve good grades while others excel in the art of procrastinating. What can explain this difference of behaviours towards studies and learning? Motivation is the key answer. In the psychology study from Yale University about motivation and reward in learning, the notion of reward appears to be an extremely important factor of motivation which enables an effective learning. 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Online Spatial Delivery System

Question: Write an essay onOnline Spatial Delivery System. Answer: Introduction OSDS is based on the PaaS model of cloud computing. Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a model that provides the platform for the development of an application and all the relevant environmental requirements as well ("What is PaaS?", 2016). The six components that play an important role in the migration of OSDS to a cloud provider are Remote Administration followed by Resource Management and SLA Management. The other three in the list that play a significant role are Application Resilience, Data backup and storage along with the Disaster Recovery. Remote Administration It is a process that allows the controlling and other tasks doable from a location that is remote in nature (cbigconsulting.com, 2016). There are a few shortcomings associated with this component and are described further. There are a number of tools that do not scale properly and that emerges as an issue for the remote administrator. At the computer system level and at the mobile devices level, there are multiple operating systems that are being used by the organizations with Android, Windows and iOS top in the list. These operating systems have varied speeds and characteristics which distinguish them from each other. However, this becomes a problem for remote administration as multi-platform support becomes a tedious task. There are also issues associated with the security measures such as cryptography, authentication measures and the steps taken to control the access (sans.org, 2016). Resource Management Resources are the asset of any organization and there are many resources capable of multiple skills associated with the organization. Some of the resources such as business owner, project manager, database administrator, operations head, networking head and several teams such as those belong to the design, development, testing, networking, support and maintenance departments play a significant role. It is of utmost importance to manage these resources and before the project begines, there needs to be answers in place for the following questions. Does OSDS has a resource tagging strategy or needs to be developed? What is the involvenet of internal structure management? What is the policy and procedure that is followed in the allocation of resources? What happens with the resources if the project is completed before the deadline or gets delayed? What is the position of metadata in OSDS? (s3.amazonaws.com, 2016) There are a number of advantages for resource management as: It would enable a central file server and repository for the resources and their details. All of the information can then be handled from one location ("Project Resource Management Benefits | Innotas", 2016) Assessment of the resource skills would become easy Complete transparency between the workers and the managers Attendence management, leave policy and change management would become handy (Singh, 2013) A strong connect and bridge would be formed between the employee, employer and the set goals of the company ("Human Resource Management (HRM) - duties, benefits", 2016). Increase in efficiency and productivity by a good margin. SLA Management SLA is a contract or a written agreement that defines the services that have been agreed upon between the user of the service and the provider of the service. DSI and cloud provider are the respective parties that would be involved in OSDS as user and provider. SLA is defined and designed at three different levels. The one that is of prime concern in case of OSDS is at the service level (Bose et al., 2011). The following factors would be of prime importance in OSDS: The details of the services such as features and budget associated with the services that have been finalized between DSI and cloud provider Resource allocation process and the roles that have been assigned to each member from low to top management Role of internal partners in the project and services A flow chart depicting the processes in a high level Indicators that define the status of performance (mitsm.de, 2016) Application Resilience Like every other application and project, OSDS also has a set of requirements that are of higher priority than the rest. Such requirements are termed as High Availability (HA) requirements that require well planning and immediate support for execution. The best practice to follow in this case is the development of business strategy that targets the following points apart from the rest: An application that is sure to provide the services at all times in a reliable manner Downtime of the services is minimal Best practices are used in every phase Ample data storage option Cloud architecture Data Storage and Backup Big Data tools and databases such as NoSQL can be used for efficienct storage and backup of the information associated with OSDS. NoSQL is the datbase that can store and analyze the data without any complications. Easy visualizations, rich reporting and flexible modes are the added features of the database. It can also aid in the predictive analysis of data (Pentaho, 2016). Here are some of the examples of NoSQL databases: AmazonSimpleDB The task of dB admin becomes easier with this one and it belongs to the non-relational category (Goes, J. 2016). Terrastore Consistency, scalability and superb performance are the features that come with this one. It offers indexing features too (Big Data Made Simple - One source. Many perspectives., 2014). MongoDB It is an open source agile database that offers scalability, supreme performance and high availability. Elasticsearch RESTful web services can be used with the help of this one as it has the ability to support the same. Disaster Recovery There are a number of risks that are associated with the cloud services and the measures need to be adapted such that the impact of harm in occurrence of such an event is minimum and the services are brough back to normal in a quick turnaround time. These are the measures that should be adopted to avoid the risks at the first place and recover from the same. Preventative These are the primary points of security that must be present in any organization and its architecture such as use of anti-virus, set up of firewalls and physical security measures such as guards at entry points and use if an identity check. Reactive These come in the picture when the event has already taken place. Detective Measures such as intrusion detection and motion detection fall in this category of countermeasures Administrative There are always a defined policy or a set of guidelines that is associated in the business strategy. These measures make sure that all the processes adhere to the same. Disaster Recovery (DR) in cloud computing is the method to have proper backup and recovery strategy in place which focuses upon management of the copies of data on the cloud ("What is cloud disaster recovery (cloud DR)? - Definition from WhatIs.com", 2016). DR would allow the recovery process to be enabled in multiple locations (Kiblin, 2011). There are a number of strategies that have been developed in order to have a correct DR procedure (aws.amazon.com, 2016). Cloud for disaster recovery is a viable option for DSI both from the financial perspective and from the control perspective as well (Dix, 2016). Conclusions Opportunities and Risks Cloud suffers from certain potential and probable risks as well that mainly revolve around data protection and information security. These risks include loss of data, accessing of the data by an unauthorized user, denial of services, attack of malicious software, spoofing, phishing and inadequate due diligence. Such risks possess a threat to the confidentiality, integrity and authneticty of the information, Use of authorizations measures along with proper access controls are mandatory to protect the data belonging to OSDS. The data associated is private and confidential in nature and the landing of the same in unauthorized hands could be extremely adverse for DSI. ("Risks of cloud computing | Queensland Government", 2016). The six components that have been discussed in the migration of OSDS to the PaaS model of cloud computing reolve around the storage of data and the use of best practices in the management of SLA and resources. Remote Administration is one area that suffers from certain major drawbacks associated with the support and scalability. It is recommended to develop a business strategy for every entity and then proceed according to the same. It would not only help in achieving the results but would also provide fault tolerace, availability and reliability of the services. References Bose, S., Pasala, A., Ramanujam A, D., Murthy, S. and Malaiyandisamy, G. (2011). SLA Management in Cloud Computing: A Service Provider's Perspective. Cloud Computing, pp.413-436. A deep dive into NoSQL: A complete list of NoSQL databases. (2014). Big Data Made Simple - One source. Many perspectives.. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://bigdata-madesimple.com/a-deep-dive-into-nosql-a-complete-list-of-nosql-databases/ aws.amazon.com,. (2016). Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://aws.amazon.com/disaster-recovery/ cbigconsulting.com,. (2016). Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.cbigconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Advantages-of-Remote-Administration.pdf Dix, J. (2016). Cloud computing causing rethinking of disaster recovery. Network World. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.networkworld.com/article/2168624/cloud-computing/cloud-computing-causing-rethinking-of-disaster-recovery.html Goes, J. (2016). How to choose a NoSQL analytics system. InfoWorld. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.infoworld.com/article/2983953/nosql/how-to-choose-a-nosql-analytics-system.html Human Resource Management (HRM) - duties, benefits. (2016). Referenceforbusiness.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Gov-Inc/Human-Resource-Management-HRM.html Kiblin, T. (2011). How To Use Cloud Computing For Disaster Recovery. CRN. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.crn.com/blogs-op-ed/channel-voices/230700011/how-to-use-cloud-computing-for-disaster-recovery.htm mitsm.de,. (2016). Mitsm.de. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.mitsm.de/service-level-agreement-management-en Pentaho and NoSQL Databases. (2016). Pentaho. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.pentaho.com/big-data-analytics/nosql-databases Project Resource Management Benefits | Innotas. (2016). Innotas. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.innotas.com/solutions-topic/project-resource-management-benefits Risks of cloud computing | Queensland Government. (2016). Business.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/running/technology-for-business/cloud-computing-business/cloud-computing-risks s3.amazonaws.com,. (2016). Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://s3.amazonaws.com/awsmedia/AWS_Operational_Checklists.pdf sans.org,. (2016). Sans.org. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/compliance-security-challenges-remote-administration-34945 Singh, A. (2013). Benefits of Implementing a Resource Planning Software in your Organization. Project-Management.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://project-management.com/benefits-of-implementing-a-resource-planning-software-in-your-organization/ What is cloud disaster recovery (cloud DR)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (2016). SearchCloudStorage. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://searchcloudstorage.techtarget.com/definition/cloud-disaster-recovery-cloud-DR What is cloud disaster recovery (cloud DR)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (2016). SearchCloudStorage. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://searchcloudstorage.techtarget.com/definition/cloud-disaster-recovery-cloud-DR What is PaaS?. (2016). Interoute. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.interoute.com/what-paas

Will Robots Change Our Lives in the Future free essay sample

Will robots change our lives in the future? Its a funny question to ask and it does not take a rocket scientist to understand that theyre changing our lives now in so many ways. They record our shows, cook our food, play our music, and even run our cars. We just dont see it because these robots dont have a face we can talk to or a butt we can kick. We are living in a technological era, when more and more high-tech gadgetry and automated appliances appear every day, when a lot of scientific enquiries are held. In fact we are only a consumer society that moves with the times. And advances made in robot’s field are just the job. Nowadays exist a lot of new kinds of robots and machines. And here are some of the newest. 1. Humanoid Ever-1 Android Ever-1 is a Korean android that is able to move its upper body, hold a conversation, and make facial expressions. We will write a custom essay sample on Will Robots Change Our Lives in the Future? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It can even make eye contact with the people near it. Although it can’t move its lower limbs, it can be used to read to children, provide information in a public setting or hold a demonstration. That is one man think tank. This chatty-batty robot is a successful application of artificial intelligence that caused a stir within the community. 2. USC Robota Dolls The Robota Dolls from USC may look a little†¦terrifying. But to the best of my knowledge Robota dolls have a significantly beneficial use: they help autistic children learn to react to facial expressions. They can also be used for a variety of other learning games and activities for handicapped children. The Robota Dolls stood the test of time and pulled off striking achievements. 3. T-Rot Robotic Bartender In 2005, visitors at the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum were greeted by a robotic bartender. The â€Å"T-Rot† can recognize speech, fetch items it’s asked to get, and pick up delicate items thanks to its incredible synthetic skin. The skin can detect different pressures, just like human skin, and adjust its grip accordingly. The inventors of the robot worked their fingers to the bone and got AI out of the door and into the successful application. This robot is earning its keep in hotels, restaurants and different companies. 4. Waseda University Flautist Robot Waseda University has been developing a flute-playing robot since 1990, but the most recent version, the Waseda Flutist 4, has taken the media by storm. The inventors got at it hammer and tongs and pushed the right buttons. This amazing mechanical man can play a perfect rendition of â€Å"The Flight of the Bumblebee† with mecha-lips and mecha-lungs. The robot curved its reputation thanks to this song. It is a new blood among the robots. 5. Rat Brain-Powered Robot This robot is an amazing discovery that runs on rat brain cells. The rats became inventors’ guinea pigs. The cells are still alive and trained to perform the tasks of moving the robot around. The research centers are keeping their noses to the grindstone and are doing ground-breaking researches on eventually disrupting the memories of the brain cells to simulate Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s Disease. This will help researchers to study how the brain deals with such disruptions. But for a lot of people it is hard to bring home to themselves how they can treat so shabbily with rats. The consumer society we live in becomes more and more technological and people in it work by the sweat of theirs brow to do a lot of scientific projects and to make a change for the better. In the light of recent events we can see a lot of high-tech gadgetry that change and expand our life.

Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree Essay Example

Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree? Essay Children should be engaged in paid work, agree or disagree? In many countries children are engaged in different kinds of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it a valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. What is your opinion? The issue of whether or not children should be engaged in some paid work has sparked a heated debate. While some argue that having some employment experience is conducive to a child’s learning and development, I contend that it would bring harm to the child’s heath and learning. First of all, a workplace designed for adults is normally shortage of child-friendly facilities. Desks and chairs are too high for a child; the light switches are installed on the walls unreachable by children; also emergency training and facilities such as phones are only provided to adults. Furthermore, various hazards such as polluted air and chemical fumes are still produced in factories and farms. Undoubtedly young people would suffer in such workplaces. Also, children would find it frustrating when they are not properly inducted before starting a job. A child working in a cement factory would feel a setback when he could not get immediate support while struggling with the procedures of recording different raw materials that is required by the job. Further, without sufficient support, a child’s misunderstanding or inappropriately communicating with adults would only disappoint him and prevents him from active learning and interacting with other people. To conclude, a child’s paid employment experience would lead to a negative impact on their health and active learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, recognizing the importance of children’s learning and their awareness of responsibility, it is advisable to encourage them to be involved in some volunteering opportunities where they can meaningfully learn and interact with other people with sufficient care and support in place for such jobs. This is a good essay. There are only a few errors (mouse over the words underlined in blue shows corrections), but otherwise this work seems worthy of Band 7. 5 or 8. Remember to always proofread your essay before submitting it. Keep up the good work! Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree Essay Example Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree? Essay Children should be engaged in paid work, agree or disagree? In many countries children are engaged in different kinds of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it a valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. What is your opinion? The issue of whether or not children should be engaged in some paid work has sparked a heated debate. While some argue that having some employment experience is conducive to a child’s learning and development, I contend that it would bring harm to the child’s heath and learning. First of all, a workplace designed for adults is normally shortage of child-friendly facilities. Desks and chairs are too high for a child; the light switches are installed on the walls unreachable by children; also emergency training and facilities such as phones are only provided to adults. Furthermore, various hazards such as polluted air and chemical fumes are still produced in factories and farms. Undoubtedly young people would suffer in such workplaces. Also, children would find it frustrating when they are not properly inducted before starting a job. A child working in a cement factory would feel a setback when he could not get immediate support while struggling with the procedures of recording different raw materials that is required by the job. Further, without sufficient support, a child’s misunderstanding or inappropriately communicating with adults would only disappoint him and prevents him from active learning and interacting with other people. To conclude, a child’s paid employment experience would lead to a negative impact on their health and active learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Children Should Be Engaged in Paid Work, Agree or Disagree? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, recognizing the importance of children’s learning and their awareness of responsibility, it is advisable to encourage them to be involved in some volunteering opportunities where they can meaningfully learn and interact with other people with sufficient care and support in place for such jobs. This is a good essay. There are only a few errors (mouse over the words underlined in blue shows corrections), but otherwise this work seems worthy of Band 7. 5 or 8. Remember to always proofread your essay before submitting it. Keep up the good work!

Origin of OK

Origin of OK Origin of OK Origin of OK By Maeve Maddox The word OK has found its way into just about every language on earth. Although it’s usually written in all capitals and pronounced as separate letters, OK is a word and not an acronym, although it began as one. The most likely origin of OK is as an acronym for â€Å"Oll Korrect,† a deliberate misspelling of â€Å"all correct.† In the years before the American Civil War (1861-1864), journalists thought it was great fun to misspell words for comic effect. Writer Charles Farrar Browne  (1834-1867),  for example, wrote political humor under the byline Artemus Ward. Abraham Lincoln is said to have been one of his greatest fans. Here’s a passage in which he takes a stand against secession: Feller Sitterzens: I am in the Sheer Yeller leaf.   I shall peg out 1 of these dase.   But while I do stop here I shall stay in the UnionI shall stand by the Stars Stripes.   Under no circumstances whatsomever will I sesesh.   Let every Stait in the Union sesesh let Palmetter flags flote thicker nor shirts on Square Baxters close line, still will I stick to the good old flag.   Translation: Fellow Citizens: I am in the sere and yellow leaf [I’m old]. I shall peg out [die] one of these days.  But while I do remain here I shall stay in the UnionI shall stand by the American flag.   Under no circumstances whatsoever will I secede.   Let every State in the Union secede and let Palmetto flags float thicker than shirts on Squire Baxters clothes line, still will I stick to the good old flag.    Note: â€Å"The sere and yellow leaf† is an allusion to a line from Macbeth. The Palmetto flag was the state flag of South Carolina; it was flying over Fort Sumter on the day the Union garrison surrendered to Confederate forces. Squire Baxter is a fictional character of Ward’s invention. Ward was not the only writer to adopt deliberate misspelling as a stylistic device. By 1839, the misspelling â€Å"oll korrect† for â€Å"all correct† had been compressed to O.K. and was familiar to newspaper readers on the East Coast at least: Boston Evening Transcript 11 Oct. 2/3, 1839.  Our Bank Directors have not thought it worth their while to call a meeting, even for consultation, on the subject. It is O.K. (all correct) in this quarter. –OED citation. When O.K. became associated with the presidential campaign of Martin Van Buren (1782-1862), its use spread throughout the nation. One of Van Buren’s campaign ploys was to associate himself as much as possible with the previous president, Andrew Jackson. Jackson had been known affectionately as â€Å"Old Hickory,† so Van Buren came up with the nickname â€Å"Old Kinderhook,† an allusion to the small New York town that was his birthplace. The abbreviation O.K. for â€Å"Old Kinderhook† became a rallying cry and a logo. The press lost no time in connecting the O.K. of Van Buren’s political slogan with the O.K. that stood for â€Å"all correct.† By the end of the campaign, â€Å"O.K.† was entrenched in American English throughout the country. In addition to its adjectival uses to denote things that are â€Å"all correct,† OK is also used as noun, verb, adverb, and interjection. Note on the word â€Å"acronym† In general usage, acronym refers to words or letter groupings like FBI, TGIF, NATO, and LASER. Some speakers prefer to reserve the word acronym for words like NATO that can be pronounced as words and use the term initialism for letter groupings that are pronounced as a series of letters, like FBI. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?Used To vs. Use To5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions

Procurement Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Procurement Plan - Essay Example Project Procurement is a stage during the project where the actual purchasing of goods and services for the project from different vendors takes place. This suggests that this process involves different internal as well as external actors therefore the whole process become more complicated as the project managers has to establish and manage long term strategic relationships with the vendors. This document will present a comprehensive procurement plan for our proposed project and would also attempt to align it with the rest of the project besides discussing the bidding methods for the proposed procurement. This section of the plan will discuss the overall scope of the project by discussing the need for the implementation of the project and the expected outcomes to be achieved with the implementation of the proposed scheduling tool. Over the period of time, project managers at American Property Development Corporation (APDC) have been working on individual projects with different scheduling tools. They were involved in buying the scheduling tools while remaining in their budgetary limits as well as were also involved in engaging with the contractors of their choice. However, with the implementation of this project, this practice would be stopped and a standardized scheduling tool would be implemented across all the working territories i.e. USA and Canada. The purpose of this project is to standardize the different practices across the organization and implement different tools and techniques to be used simultaneously. This would allow standardization of the processes by streamlining them according to the overall purpose of the organization. The implementation of the project for the procurement of scheduling tool is based on the assumption that it will help to achieve efficiency as well as effectiveness in operations across the board and would also allow to bring in more standardization in the processes. Schedule This section of the procurement plan would discuss the schedule for different activities which are going to take place over the period of the implementation of the project. The activities related with the project are going to be divided into three different categories in terms of procurement process. These activities are: 1. Pre-Procurement activities 2. Procurement activities 3. Post Procurement activities Pre-Procurement activities would involve the identification of the key requirements of the project i.e. what is the actual purpose of the project and how it is going to be achieved. This would also mean that the Pre-Procurement activities would also involve the identification of the software, hardware requirement, need for human resources as well as the identification of the sources for procurement of the required equipment. Procurement activities would involve the identification of the vendors, their solicitation as well as the writing of

Critically evaluate the extent to which the role of leaders and Essay

Critically evaluate the extent to which the role of leaders and managers contributes to employee motivation and engagement with - Essay Example Managers should engage in motivation as it eases unnecessary fears among the employees. Statistics reveal that workers perform poorly under oppression as compared to when motivated. The following script outlines the importance of motivation, relevant theories, and the essence as to why leaders should use the tool (Lauby, 2005:69). Mangers role in employee motivation An employee is one of the most critical factors of production. This is because; they have the duty to carry out all tasks, irrespective of whether machinery or manual operation. The essence is that, no matter the employees competence to a task, shortcomings may arise due to monotony, frustration, and oppression. Managers must try to curb behaviors that tend to mislead the company, and practice behaviors that will gear up progression and prosperity (Kusluvan, 2003:340). Bearing in mind that, every set of human beings does exhibit distinct cultures, managers should observe and tame that culture which favors the company more . Culture comprises of personal beliefs, attributes, needs, and behaviors. On addressing these issues properly, the company pursues its objectives and strategically beats competition. Managers should simply address issues in a friendly way and welcome views from the employees. They should avoid ideologies of drawing attention from the employees that they should recognize them by their positions (Podmorof, 2005:67). Role of leadership and managers An employee will perceive a motivating factor whenever it affects his welfare. Decades ago, managers and leaders experienced the same issues that occur in modern businesses; this led to the development of various theories that can actively apply in solving human related problems in organization. Among them was Abraham Maslow who distinguished human needs in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs pyramid. The pyramid elaborates needs from the most pressing, those one cannot do without, to those perceived as defining class in the society. The pyramid addresses as; biological and physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, and self-actualization (Bruce, 2006:80). The pyramid describes necessities as biological and social needs. It states that an employee will work to cater for his necessities, which are; air, food, shelter and clothing. It argues that, the reason as to why human beings strive in their daily chores is to ensure that they are able to meet their needs effectively (Levesque, 2008:59). No one can survive without food since hunger is a recurring problem. For example, after feeding, people do not sit back and assume that they have made a solution to hunger eternally. Similarly, shelter poses as a pressing need as all people strive to live in houses to avoid bad weather conditions and enhance privacy. Due to evolution, the modern man finds clothing crucial as it is also ethical and moral to dress-up (Doyle, 2005:180). On achieving all basic needs, human beings will find that they need safety in their lives. Therefore, they seek protection from all societal vices and device security channels that will cover their lives from dangers (Kusluvan, 2003:340). Since all humans may enforce their feelings in handling different threats, the modern man has sort to come up with laws that accommodate all virtues, laying down procedures to handle different problems. There are limits within the society under which one can act in his own

Balancing and Resolving Conflicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Balancing and Resolving Conflicts - Essay Example I am kindly requesting the government to help our members of state by providing funding to help improve the community facilities and their residents in the area. The citizens around here are poor and do not have enough funds to make ends meet. This state needs funds to improve the public housing and to provide recreational facilities for the people around here. The area is surrounded by poor people who involve themselves in crime activities because most of them are not employed. The area has industries but the products go to waste because the warehouses are poorly managed and lack good storage facilities. By providing the funds to improve people’s lives in our state, the public housing will be improved, there will be reduced crime rates, the old and poor people will live comfortably, the warehouses facilities will be improved and the citizens will create employment

The Role Of Multidisciplinary Working

The Role Of Multidisciplinary Working This essay will relate to an observation of professional social work practice in a Crisis Centre, for people with mental health issues who require support, and short-term accommodation, with the goal of returning home or to a new environment. This essay will focus upon the role of multi disciplinary collaboration regarding the Crisis Centre staff, and Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team (CRHTT), and to discuss why collaboration appears to play an important and fundamental role within social work practice. The essay will also aim to demonstrate good practice and possible strengths and weaknesses of multidisciplinary working. Within the field of social work practice it does seem evident that multidisciplinary working is work undertaken jointly by workers and professionals from different disciplines or occupations (Pearson Thomas, 2010:342) and has evolved at varying speeds over the past 30 years, in response to imperatives of central government. (What evidence)?Evidence suggests that the area mental health was among the first professions to adopt teams of workers from different professions, and the Community Mental Health Team is widely regarded as the model for multidisciplinary working (Community Care, 2010). It seems that , in relation to social work, the distinctive quality that has to be demonstrated is anti discriminatory practice and a holistic approach, by working with a range of situations and people having an attribute for developing multidisciplinary and partnerships (Higham,2006:). The Crisis Centre that has been observed is run by a Local Council,Can u not say Liverpool and is a National Health Service Trust based in the community. The centre also corresponds (look up meaning in dictionary)does this word apply here.-The centre works within the or to the guidelines set down in the with the 1975 White Paper entitled Better Services for Mentally Ill. This highlights the importance of professions, working together to provide a community based service (Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE), 2010) demonstrating that collaboration is fundamental to social work. The Crisis Centre provides beds for adults suffering from mental health issues who have been referred to them from the CRHTT, for instance by referral from their Doctor or health department. The next step is to complete an assessment in line with local authority guidelines and procedures, then produce a care plan and risk assessment. If they decided the service user is in crisis and cannot return home co ntact will be made to the Crisis Centre. Average sentence length is 15/20 words long.Have a look at yours. CRHTT use numerous ways and methods of contact to inform social workers, such as, E-mail, telephone calls and home visits. This can demonstrate collaboration through good practice and communication which is essential to social work. Effective collaboration between staff at the front-line is a crucial ingredient in delivering the governments broader goals of partnership between services (Whittington, 2003). Also, in the audit commission 2002 it seemed evident that service users who seem to require social workers, will, and can, collaborate with other professionals to provide appropriate service. During this observation multidisciplinary working was witnessed between the Crisis Centre staff, and the CRHTT regarding a service user in the centre through a telephone call. The CRHTT seemed to be following the National Occupational Standards key roles section three, by supporting the individual, representing their needs, views and circumstances by acting as an advocate (Higham 2006: 98) and had been informing the Crisis Centre of what was happening. The Crisis Centre staff asked questions in a way that was treating the service user as an individual, by listening to their individual case, respecting and maintaining dignity by only asking questions relevant to the Crisis Centres needs and criteria. Staff spoke clearly and discussed the dynamics of other service users (respecting confidentiality) already in the centre, declaring any conflict or positive interactions that had arisen since their last visit (General Social Care Centre (GSCC), 2010).These skills are seen as fundamental t o social work practice as they are valuing the individual and provide a holistic approach. This will also ensure the social worker is not using their power in an inappropriate way. Furthermore, in the 1990s the New Labour government recognised that problems cannot be addressed by people and organisations working in isolation. As a result the Department of Health (DH) (1998) intruded the White Paper Modernising Social Services, which had multidisciplinary working as a key objective (Wilson, et al. 2008:388). The DH (2000) No Secrets legislation actively promoted that multidisciplinary teams will empower, and promote, well-being of vulnerable adults through the services they provide and the need to act in a way which supports the rights of the individual to lead independence (DH, 2000). DH No Secrets (2000) legislation was carried out by the service user, Crisis Centre and CRHTT via staff communicating throughout the day, and providing an environment where service users can come and go freely, yet still have support during their crisis. An example of encouraging independence was allowing the service user to cook and clean for them selves. Ryans (2010) evaluation of Crisis Centre and CRHTT asked service users what they valued best about their stay. Their responses included I was on the lowest rung of the ladder in terms of depression and self esteem. Now I can cook and iron. It has restored my get up and go and it is given me a sense of life back and helped me to find myself. I could not have gone on any longer. Staff have taught me to cope better and manage my panic attacks. This seemed to demonstrate partnership working with the service user and multidisciplinary working. The 2006 White Paper Our Health, Our Care, Our Say emphasises the importance of people having more control over their lives and access to responsive, preventative services by working together in multidisciplinary teams (DH, 2006). The Crisis Centre appears to fulfil this.(Empowerment) u could mention this if u think it would help Throughout the day through discussions, and observations, it appeared that the Crisis Centre staff and CRHTT encouraged emancipatory practice by involving the service user in their support. This shows good practice and also that staff were not routinized as each day was different, for example, they discussed how each individual was unique. If social workers become oppressed by working in routines this does not always benefit the service user, it is not good practice and is not fundamental to social work values.Who says this An example of this was observed when a member of the CRHTT came to the Crisis Centre and completed a visit with a service user. During her visit she was contacted from her office through telephone calls, one of which was a new service user needing to be assessed urgently. She had to re-evaluate her cases as the new referral seemed more of a priority. She did this by speaking to her manager on the telephone and re -arranging for another colleague to see her service user, then asked the office to let the service user know about this change showing collaboration, good practice. This commitment demonstrates multidisciplinary working and partnership working with the service users are fundamental and collaboration is needed for social work and the interpretation from the staff involved demonstrates good practice. Collaborative working is required by government. To show partnership working with service users in the Crisis Centre, Ryan (2010) Is this reference in the right place or should it be after-required by Government . asked service users how they felt about staff. Service users responses included any questions or anything you are upset over, you can go and ask the staff and staff are very supportive and helpful. Social work is about working with people to help them sort their own problems out. Kaggs read this highlighted part again, does it sound right, were u sleepy This essay has aimed to demonstrate positive multidisciplinary working through observation at the Crisis Centre. However, it appears that multidisciplinary working can be negative and dysfunctional. When a group of diverse people with varied skills come together into a team, things do not always go accordingly (Community Care, 2010). Cree (2003) cites multidisciplinary working can also be positive, but also frustrating and isolating (Dalrymple Burke, 2006). Wilson, et al. (2008) agrees multidisciplinary working does not always work effectively and as a result failures have been documented, such as, Victoria Climbie enquiry and Baby Peter. In addition Thompson (2005) believes multidisciplinary can also appear to do more harm than good and can make situations worse. During the day it was bought to attention through a staff handover that one of the service users in the Crisis Centre had experienced a negative experience of multidisciplinary working. Consequently, this seemed due to the breakdown of communication between, his social worker, CRHTT, Crisis Centre staff and medical staff. According to Thompson (2009) without effective communication the notion of multidisciplinary becomes unobtainable. Staff at the Crisis Centre believed it was due to lack of budgets and lack of communication. During this handover reflective practice was witnessed and as a team they spoke about what, why and how things had gone wrong for the service user and how they could approach the situation to get the best outcome. Staff at the Crisis Centre spoke about how they valued supervision meetings as it gave them chance to voice any concerns they had and gave the manger chance to deal with any systematic practice that was leading staff to become unfocused (Thompson and T hompson, 2008). Supervision meetings demonstrate good practice and are part of social work codes of practice to develop through opportunities to strengthen skills and knowledge. This essay has demonstrated through observation the important of working with other professionals as one person cannot solve another persons problems alone (Thompson and Thompson, 2008). Also that multidisciplinary working is integral for social workers and many other professionals. This essay has aimed to provide a balanced outlook on multidisciplinary working as it demonstrated positive points, as working with other professionals by pooling skills together is essential. Correct use of legislation and commitment to social work practice can all enrich a service users life. Problems do occur though when multidisciplinary teams do not always communicate effectively and this can be frustrating. Through observation it became apparent that lots of people contributed to multidisciplinary teams and showed that collaboration, good practice and communication were not always ideally used within practice.

Palestine and Israel Essay -- Middle East War Palestin Israel Essays

Palestine and Israel On the day of January 18th, 2004 Israeli forces rushed through the Gaza strip and attempted a dangerous raid. The effects of the raid left eight Palestinians civilians dead in cold blood. Within twenty-four hours a young Palestinian police officer by the name of Ali Jaara climbed onto a Jerusalem bus and detonated a bomb, killing him and ten Israeli passengers. This is a very sad but common example of the never ending war that takes place not only on the battlefield but now on the streets and in homes of innocents. The war between Palestine and Israel may be able to date back to Biblical times and there seems to be no end in sight for either side. (Winder) The war in the Middle East is a great one. The cause for the fighting between both sides has changed repetitively. One of the earliest problems dates back to the bible. It is said that an angel promised the exiled slave Hagar that her son Ishmael would be the father of a country and his descendants would be hated and against everyone. Ishmael’s descendants did become the Arabs and would be hated by many especially the Jews. But in fact the Jews would face much more persecution and hatred than the Arabs ever did until recent events. From 1250 BCE to 138 CE the Jews fought many wars against the Roman Empire, the Babylonians, and the strength of Alexander the great. Over this time period the Jews were exiled, revolted, and then after a Jewish revolt in 133 CE, Jerusalem was destroyed and all of its inhabitants were exiled, banished, and forced into labor and slavery. (Porat) Thousands of years later in 1897 the first Zionist congress met in Switzerland to make plans for a Jewish state. Their dream was finally realized in 1917 the British Foreign Minister Arthur Balfour agreed to establish a national home for Jews in Palestine. He informed a leading Zionist and this became known as the Balfour Declaration. This was the first action that may have led to the rekindling of the rivalry between Jews and Arabs. After The Declaration over the next 15 years many Jews began to immigrate to British Mandate Palestine. This caused a lot of unrest among the Palestinian Arabs, and caused a strike by the Arab population, this was countered by the Irgun Zvai Leumi who was a Zionist group that attacked not only Arabs but also British targets. The Zionist groups hoped to liberate themselves... ...they affect a lot of people who want nothing to do with the brutality and violence they are forced to face everyday. Some like the Father of the policeman who became a suicide bomber had to face many consequences. With the death of his son his family mourned and was unable to support itself. On top of those problems days after the suicide bombing Israeli forces stormed into his house and destroyed it leaving it lying in mere rubbles and stones. Now his family is forced to live in tents and on the streets to starve with it being no fault of there own. So many chances of peace have been ignored or just completely forgotten, it’s an eternal and never ending war. Works Cited Mallison, William Thomas. The Palestine problem in international law and world order. Essex: Longman, 1986. â€Å"The Origin of the Palestine Israeli Conflict.† THE WASHINGTON REPORT ON MIDDLE EAST AFFAIRS. 6 Jan. 2005. Jews for Justice in the Middle East. 6 Jan. 2005 . Porat, Dina. The blue and the yellow stars of David : the Zionist leadership in Palestine and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990. Winder, Rob. â€Å"My son the suicide bomber.† BBC News Online. 2 Mar. 2004. 6 Jan. 2005

Fallingwater: American Architecture

Photographs of Billingsgate, originally designed and built as a private home are, without question, breathtaking. Even so, photos do this work of art no Justice. The only way one can truly appreciate Billingsgate is to see it for yourself. It is no exaggeration to say that design, structure and a genius artistic sense came together to create an architectural masterpiece. Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, Billingsgate is one of the most intriguing, inspired works of art in American architecture.Located in western Pennsylvania, building Egan in 1936 and the home was completed in 1939. In addition to Wright's distinct design features, any mention of Billingsgate would be incomplete without mentioning the notable geographical elements, none more well-known than the waterfall over which the home was built. At first glance, Billingsgate seems to be a modern work, and it is, in that it is considered to be in the style of American Modern architecture. However, one who is not familiar specifica lly with American architectural style might easily lay eyes onBillingsgate for the first time only to be surprised to learn that it was designed and built in the mid-sass. The fact that it is Just as plausible to believe Billingsgate was built closer to ten years ago as 80 years ago speaks to the timelessness of Wright's work. Stone is a predictable, likely choice for a building material which would add both beauty and strength to a structure, especially one on a scale such as that of Billingsgate. Concrete might be a less likely choice, and probably would not be considered by many as a building material used for aesthetic purposes.However, Frank Lloyd Wright used concrete not only to reinforce the cantilevers he used so prominently in his design of Billingsgate but to add beauty to the home as well. Concrete became part of the aesthetic of the building as much as the sandstone he used so beautifully in his design. To ensure the stability of the structure, Wright incorporated severa l reinforcement techniques which were considered state of the art at the time. However, the high humidity levels in the area led to eventual structural compromises, including mildew mage and weakening, shifting balconies.Eventually, the Kauffman family, for whom the home was originally designed and built, turned the home and over 1,000 surrounding acres of land over to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. The Western Pennsylvania Conservancy completed major structural repairs to Billingsgate in 2002 after studies showed the extent of the structural compromise. Edgar Kauffman, Jar. Said of his families home, â€Å"Such a place cannot be possessed. It is a work of man for man; not by a man for a man.Over the years since it was built, Billingsgate has grown ever more famous and admired, a textbook example of modern architecture at its best. By its very intensity it is a public resource, not a private indulgence. † The American Institute of Architects voted Billingsgate the most important building of the 20th century; in 1966, Billingsgate was designated a National Historic Landmark. And it is the only home designed by Frank Lloyd Wright to be opened to the public complete with the original interior, including furnishings ND artwork.A solid architectural work in structure and design Juxtaposed with the serenity of the waterfall underneath and the gently sloping topography, this example of Wright's work demonstrates the level of intricacy and comprehensive forethought which was integrated into his design process. Wright's design, coupled with his vision, resulted in a structure with such an ethereal essence it seemed to float in air, suspended in nature's beauty, yet so strong, solid and sound, built to stand every test of time.

land of the free-1984 essay essays

land of the free-1984 essay essays Our country, one of the most liberal around the globe, prides itself on the rights that each individual is granted upon birth. As citizens of the United States we often overlook the rare personal freedom that we are granted upon birth. As we turn the calendar onto another century we continue to grow in individuality, personal privacy, and the balance between self and government; or do we? As the calendar turns, so do the pages in scientific notebooks. Each and everyday a new discovery takes place, and just as Orwell predicted in his infamous novel 1984, the result is that our personal freedom has not only been threatened, but it may soon become non -existent. The plot of 1984 is focused upon an average man, Winston, in a robotic like society. The citizens of this place, Oceania, a country made up of many present countries, are under constant surveillance by the party, their so-called government. The party must approve each and every thing they say and do, and if one chooses to disobey or rebel, like Winton, he will literally be erased off of the face of the earth. Behind Winstons back the voice from the telescreen was still babbling away about pig iron and the over fulfillment of the Ninth Three-Year Plan. The telescreen received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it; moreover, so long as he recommended, he could be seen as well as heard. There was of course no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any given moment. How often, or on what system, the Thought Police plugged in on any individual wire was guesswork. It was even conceivable that they watched everybody at the same time. But at any rate they could plug in your wire whenever they wanted to (page 6). Here Winston is describing the telescreen, a monitor used by the party for the purpose of watching the citizens. In todays society the telescreen described ...

buy custom Media and Violent Behavior essay

buy custom Media and Violent Behavior essay It is impossible to overestimate the influence of media on people. In recent years, the Internet has significantly changed the scale of this phenomenon. One can easily access any website and find all the needed information or read the latest news. There is an opinion that the media tends to concentrate more attention on the negative information and issues than on positive ones. It is easier to sell a shocking news story. Neutral news about everyday events is not so exciting to the viewer. Video games may also cause violent behavior, as a lot of them include murder, violence, and cruelty. Thrillers are more popular among audience because of the action scenes and violent content. Thus, the question arises whether the media may cause a violent behavior. I have chosen the article Does Media Violence Lead to the Real Thing? as it explores the interrelations between two phenomena, while providing extensive research on the topic. Thus, it proves to be credible and argumentative. In this case, the main moral dilemma lies in the question, whether violent media causes more harm or good, and whether a person can actually commit a wrongful act after having watched an action film or having played a video game that contains violence. There are many researches that analyze this interrelation, but I do not consider the media to have a strong impact on a persons behavior. To put it more clearly, the media has a certain influence on a persons behavior, but it only serves as one of many factors that cause aggressive behavior. Moreover, it is not a primary factor, and, in my opinion, it has not been sufficiently studied to talk about banning any type of media. It is a misconception to think that studies on violent behavior connect it to the media violence. They simply state that the two phenomena exist together. It is more likely that more aggressive person will search for an aggressive entertainment, than the latter affects the former. The psychologists Brad J. Bushman and Craig A. Anderson analyzed 42 stdies that involved more than 5,000 participants. They found a small-to-moderate-strength relationship between an act of aggression and watching violent media (Pozios, Kambam, Bender, 2013). The other study showed that antisocial behavior is a direct consequence of watching violent programs on TV in childhood. Thus, various studies give different assessment of this phenomenon and do not agree on opinion. At the same time, there are hundreds of other factors, from the parents cruelty toward children to the bullying in school. These factors tend to have a bigger impact on the teenagers behavior than violence in the media. I believe that the previously mentioned studies do not prove whether violent media can actually lead to performing extreme violence in adulthood. One of the first tragedies with extensive media coverage was Columbine High School shooting. At that time, there were a lot of articles that named video games as a key factor leading to the violent behavior. This tragedy ignited a national debate over bullying. The truth is that the gunmen were not bullied or affected by video games. In fact, they planned a proper terrorist bombing. The only reason why it turned into shooting rampage is that they were amateurs in creating bombs. It was not the media that influenced their behavior. Attempt to decontextualize violence is the biggest problem with media-effects research. Such phenomena as unemployment, instability, poverty, family violence, and even mental illnesses are not even mentioned in those studies. In my opinion, people are viewed as spineless content consumers who do not have their own opinion, morality, and awareness. Some people tend to condemn the media to put them above those who enjoy popular culture. Others often consider themselves to be immune to the violence in the media. At the same time, they assume that the media has a certain impact on average minds. This intense focus on violence in video games may simply be the manifestation of hostility toward teenagers and those people who enjoy popuular culture. The other significant phenomenon which is believed to cause violent behavior is hip-hop music. Many people assume that violent words and expressions urge listeners to act in a violent way. In fact, the musicians simply reflect their surrounding environment. It is an art form with images, insights, beats, and raw expressions that carry a certain meaning or idea. Hip-hop does not represent a call to violence. There is a humanity and social commentary which is incorporated into song lyrics. If hip-hop causes violent behavior, then all the news and media reporting on the real issues should be banned. In fact, hip-hop is more likely to re-create hope, bring healing and the realization of dreams, give sharp social commentaries than produce aggression and violence. There are several moral theories that can be applied to the moral dilemma of violence in the media and its influence on the persons behavior. Thus, I would like to pick and examine one of them. According to the dictionary, utilitarianism is the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority (Utilitarianism, n.d.). Proponents of this theory focus rather on the consequences of an action than on its intrinsic nature or motive. Correlation between violent media and behavior appears to be a moral dilemma from the standpoint of utilitarianism. On the one hand, the media was created in order to educate, inform, advise and entertain people. Thus, the media is right and has moral worth. On the other hand, there are researches that emphasize the link between violent media and aggressive behavior. From this perspective, the media does not promote happiness, but it has obvious negative consequences, which is immoral according to utilitarianism. I believe that a person, who subscribes to this moral theory, may resolve the previously mentioned issue by deciding whether the media has more positive or negative effects on society. There is an opinion that violent films and video games relieve tension and release an aggression. Buy custom Media and Violent Behavior essay

Performance Management assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance Management assignment - Essay Example By doing so, organizations can easily project their profitability and thereby formulate effective strategies for business expansion. However, it is observed that budgetary forecasts in the modern era are not always accurate and result-bearing due to frequent market fluctuations. A recent statement from accounting press reflects that â€Å"the downturn has rendered budgets agreed last year largely irrelevant† (as cited in Jarman and Bibekar, 2009). This paper explores the scope of traditional annual budgeting process in the modern period. Generally, companies prepare budget for the whole financial period of 12 months. This forecast for a long period of 12 months seems useless in this fast changing business scenario as the deepening downturn and increase in economic volatility largely alter nation’s economic structure. Therefore, economic and market conditions after 12 months will probably be much different from that of the current situation. Similarly, today’s hig hly volatile nature of economy raises several constraints to the forecastability of the future economy. In short, the role of traditional annual budgeting process is not helpful in the present business era since it would not predict the future economic conditions accurately. In addition, the conventional practices associated with annual budgeting and forecasting processes involve higher costs. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) survey in 2009, on an average basis, every company employs an equivalent of ‘eight full-time staff to budgeting and forecasting’ (as cited in Jarman and Bibekar, 2009). The application of various modern financial and accounting tools is essential to predict the future economic variance. Similarly, under traditional budgeting system, a considerable portion of time is spent on data collection and tabulation activities. Hence, we can clearly assess the fact that budgeting and thereby forecasting process also includes cumbersome human efforts and it generally lasts up to three months. However, the degree of economic volatility would determine the success or failure of annual budget. As a result, if the economic conditions turn to be unfavorable in future, it will not only affect the success of the budget but also the cost spent on the formulation of the budget. Many economic conditions may adversely affect the effectiveness of a formulated financial budget. Most of the multinational companies value their various revenues and expenditures on the basis of predicted exchange rate of currency. If the fluctuation unfavorably exceeds the forecasted limits, then the expected revenues and expenditure would vary accordingly. Naturally, this situation may impede the successful progress of the designed annual budget. Similarly, different government regulations such as taxation and trade barriers raise further difficulties to the application of annual budgeting. When government increases tax imposition on trade activities, companies are forced to spend more on taxation which result in proportional increase in expenditure; and that will be higher than the budgeted expenditure. Moreover, economic downturn causes large deviation in budgeted figures. In such situations, firms are compelled to postpone their predetermined developmental policies since they need to spend more on other sectors in order to stabilize the economic growth. It is very difficult for the companies to predict whether there will be an economic downturn within

Adult education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adult education - Assignment Example The adult learner shall have developed a different perspective to learning and shall have garnered skills and experience from social and professional interactions. Based on the differences between adult and initial education, special challenges exist that face adult learners and formal policies towards learning strategies are necessary for efficient adult learning. This paper explores the scope of adult learning and its associated challenges and strategies with the aim of recommending a suitable strategy to the Office of Vocational and Adult Education for policy development. This aims at improving benefits of adult education to learners. Adult education: special needs Dynamism of adult learning over the past decades identifies the need for periodic changes in the scope of adult education that offers diversified utility to learners such achieved transformation through self-reflection and development of new knowledge base. The learning process however needs to consider special needs am ong learners. A rich knowledge base has been developed on adult learning mechanism to facilitate identification and management of the needs. Unlike young learners in initial learning frameworks, adult learners are slow in conceptualization and knowledge development. This means longer time in a learning process and possible needs for empowerment to aid the speed of learning. The adults are however able to compensate for this weakness through their vast experience and through effective time management. Differences in visual potentials across age also identify special needs among adult learners. While human development occurs with age, vision begins to decline after the age of 18 year. The decline is gradual until the age of 40 at which the rate of decline increases and means age is a factor to needs among adult learners. Hearing potential also decline among adult learners though this occurs at late ages and hearing aids may be used to facilitate learning processes. Adults also report memory problems during their learning but the problem is less significant in contextual learning (Florida State University, n.d.). Assumptions of adult learning Basic assumptions to adults learning are another set of important factors, to adult education, that educators and policy makers need to consider for successful learning processes. Learners’ self-concept that changes with age explains a transition from nature of learning among young people in initial learning environments. A level of maturity is evident among adult learners who prefer a more independent approach to learning. There is change from dependence on learning environment to a self-reliant approach in which an adult learner is an independent and active party to the learning process. Understanding the shift in self-concept is important among educators because implementing a learning strategy that fails to recognize a learner’s desired level of independence may communicate oppression and compromise effecti veness of the learning process. Transitions across cognitive development stages supports validity of the change in self-concept at adult learning stage because each developmental stage marks increased learning potential that identifies learners abilities to learn on their own. The cognitive development theory supports independence potential by early adulthood and while level of learners’ required independence may vary across age, it is significant among adult learners (Florida State University, n.d.). Adult learning also holds the assumption of significance of learners’ experience that plays to major roles in education. Having interacted with social and professional environments, adult learners

Social Aspects of Law (UK) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Aspects of Law (UK) - Essay Example tain, as well as deport. In all of these instances except for deportation, the UK Border Agency’s activities apply to both citizens and non-citizens of the UK. In this regard, there is reason for consideration of application of PACE-like standards to the UK Border Patrol in order to standardize its police powers and procedures. 18b. Suppose we had NO state-provided legal aid or advice systems whatsoever in place in this country. Make 5 suggestions for the introduction of an entirely new system of state provision in this area. (1.2) If the country were completely lacking in legal aid and advice systems, an opportunity would exist to suggest an arbitration system that would resolve problems through alternative dispute methods rather than through escalation into the legal justice system. Legal aid can be considered in regard to both civil and criminal matters, as well as in assistance to plaintiffs and defendants. In most instances, the aid is provided to criminal defendants, but there are instances of activist cases where plaintiffs form a claim for reparations or damages, as in a class action procedure. Thus, the recommendation would be do create two distinct assistance foundations for criminal and civil cases to be heard by experts in each field, and for sections to be dedicated to the defense and prosecution as required by the local caseload. Public funding for defenders should be used for paid staff on a permanent basis, and where demand for assistance exceeds the time of staff on-hand, provisions for budgetary supplement and additional hiring should be undertaken. Law students should be provided an opportunity to volunteer and assist with various clerk, paralegal, and advice counseling. Finally, defense assistance should work with and develop more functional ties with social services and volunteer groups helping people to recover from aspects of crime, addiction, abuse, trauma, etc. in society. 19a. Explain the context and meaning of Strict Liability and discuss whether or not it is fair to include it in certain laws. Do you think that the type or extent of punishment for someone found guilty of a strict liability crime should be different to the type and extent of punishment for someone found guilty of a crime where Mens Rea has to be provided? (2.1) Legal standards restrict the application of strict liability primarily to Tort Law as a consequence of business practices or corporate operations where the field of operation has an acknowledged consumer responsibility such as food products, pharmaceuticals, or transportation operations. In these instances, it is accepted as a course of operation that standards of safety must apply to all aspects of operation. In this context, strict liability may apply even when there is no â€Å"guilty mind† or Mens Rea and intention to cause damage on behalf of the business. Indeed, the company may sincerely regret the harm and damage done to

Psychologists & prejudice Essay Example for Free

Psychologists prejudice Essay According to Dollards et al (1939) frustration-aggression hypothesis aggression that cannot be expressed directly at the source of frustration can be displaced unto a ‘representation’ of the source (scapegoat), leading to bias and prejudice. Unlike the previous cases which have their origins in social learning or social identity this form of prejudice is borne out of the frictional component of social interaction. A ‘solution’ is therefore to reduce this friction as much as possible. The apartheid era in South Africa did recognise the problem of ‘cultural friction’ and sought to address it by separating black from white. However, the separation was not fair favouring white (supremacy) over black. This in effect only amounted to replacing one source of friction and frustration with another. Typically, social frustrations are linked to exogenous economic conditions where the contrast between the rich and poor is clearly sharpened. The challenge for any government to implement a solution to such frustrations may be simply be too difficult, or not at all practical. Germany in the late 1930’s and early forties provides a good example of national frustration followed by an explosion of national prejudice and aggression. The application of the ‘solution’ shaped the history of the 20th century. By understanding the origin and causes of prejudice, psychologists are able to propose methods and conditions that can lead to a reduction of prejudice. However, economic factors, social learning, and identity beliefs based on religion or culture may mean that any attempt to remove prejudice from ‘free’ society will be met with limited success.

Free Destiny vs. Controlled Fate in Antigone Essay -- Sophocles

Fate is an old debated concept. Do one's actions truly play a role in determining one's life? Is fate freedom to some or is it binding to others, in that no individual can make completely individual decisions, and therefore, no one is truly free. Nowadays, fate is a subject often rejected in society, as it is seen as too big, too idealistic, and too hard to wrap a persons head around. However, at the time of Antigone, the concept was a terrifying reality for most people. Fate is the will of the gods, and as is apparent in Antigone, the gods' will is not to be questioned. Much of Sophocles' work focuses on the struggle between human law and what is believed to be the god’s law. Fate was an unstoppable force and it was assumed that any efforts to change one's future were unrealistic. In Sophocles' Antigone, fate plays a crucial role the choices that the characters make. Most people believe that Creon and Antigone were under the influence of forces that they could not control, in the decisions they made and the actions that they took. Despite Antigone's morals and her practice of those morals, she cannot escape the family curse. She states, â€Å"You would think that we had already suffered enough for the curse on Oedipus† (prologue.2-3). Ironically Antigone will suffer the rest of her life because of what her father/brother did. Her life had been rocked so much by this family curse that only Ismene remains, and she lost the last thing that mattered to her--her sister Antigone, who surprisingly took her own life. Antigone’s strong beliefs in the god’s laws can really be heard when she said â€Å"†¦Your edict, King, was strong, but all your strength is weakness itself against the immortal unrecorded laws of god. They are not merely now: they ... ...n offering at the altar but the god of fire failed me so the flame never blazed† (5.10-22). The birds may symbolize the family, two brothers killing each other, Creon sentencing Antigone to die. Or Antigone opting to hang herself which leads Haimon to try and kill his father but getting killed himself instead, and as a result Creon's wife commits suicide. The gods don't show acceptance of this situation, because the family has been doomed into the fate of death. A lot can be learned about an author by just reading his or her works. For instance one can easily learn about Sophocles’ view on fate just by reading Antigone. Much of Sophocles' work focuses on the struggle between human law and what is believed to be the god’s law. Sophocles believed that Fate was an unstoppable force and it was assumed that any efforts to change one's future were completely unrealistic.

Contemporary Approaches Essay

Explain how the four contemporary approaches to management are different from one another. Define â€Å"open systems† and describe the internal, competitive, and macro environments of an organization. Lastly, indicate whether the four contemporary approaches to management are relevant in these three environments and why or why not. You may research external sources to support your answer. Cite any external sources used. Sociotechnical Theory suggests that organizations are effective when their employees have the right tools, training, and knowledge to make products and services that are valued by customers. Sociotechnical promotes the use of teamwork and semiautonomous work groups as important factors for creating efficient production systems. They believed that workers should be given the chance to correct problems at an early stage of production rather than wait until products were finished creating waste. Quantitative Management helps a manager make a decision by developing mathematical models of the problem. Computers facilitated the development of specific quantitative methods. It included techniques such as: statistical decision theory, linear programming, queuing theory, simulation, forecasting, inventory modeling, network modeling, and break even analysis. Despite having all these methods, many managers will use results that are consistent with their experience,  institution, and judgment. Many managers have not been trained to use these techniques. Organizational Behavior studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness through an understanding of the complex nature of individual, group, and organizational processes. Organizational behavior draws from a variety of disciplines, including psychology and sociology, to explain the behavior of people on the job. Systems Theory organizations are open systems, dependent on inputs from the outside world, such as raw materials, human resources, and capital. They transform these inputs into outputs that meet the market’s needs for goods and services. The environment reacts to the outputs through a feedback loop; this feedback provides input for the next cycle of the system. System Theory also emphasizes that an organization is one system in a series of subsystems. â€Å"Open Systems†/ organizations are open systems meaning they are affected by and in turn affect their external environments. They use inputs like goods and services from their environment to create goods and services that are outputs to their environment. Open System is a system that interacts with its environment by exchanging energy, materials, and information with an aim of system renewal and growth. A feature of an open system is negative entropy, where the open system continues to import energy, information and resources to function while becoming more heterogeneous and complex.- http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/open-system-in-management-definition-example-quiz.html#lesson. Internal Environment is the conditions, entities, events, and factors within an organization that influence its activities and choices, particularly the behavior of the employees. Factors that are frequently considered part of the internal environment include the organization’s mission statement, leadership styles, and its organizational culture.   Competitive Environment is the immediate environment surrounding a firm; includes suppliers, customers, rival and the like. This includes the consisting of rivalry among existing competitors and the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitute and complementary products, and the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers. Macro environment is the general environment that includes governments, economic conditions, and other

Last Chance in Texas

Hubner, John. (2005) Last Chance in Texas: The Redemption of Criminal Youth. New York, NY. Random House Inc. Last Chance in Texas is an eye opening look into the efforts of the juvenile justice system to rehabilitate youth offenders and integrate them back into society. The book chronicles the research of author John Hubner who heard about a facility in Texas that ran an aggressive and one of the most successful, treatment programs in America for violent young offenders. He was particularly curious how a state like Texas, known for its hardcore attitude toward crime, could be a leader in rehabilitating violent and troubled youths.Through a span of over nine months at The Giddings School in Texas, Hubner discovered that making offenders understand their past and how their actions affected others was key to successful rehabilitation. By observing school’s therapists and students, Hubner learned that the rehabilitation process was an intense self realization program that forced o ffenders to review and re-live their past experiences that led up to the crimes they committed. The staff at Giddings challenged offenders to step into their past and visualize their crimes before and after they were committed, as well as the impact of those around them.Different techniques were used help the students remember their pasts that most have tried to forget. Forcing them to recall specific details of their lives and the pain they suffered allowed them to address these experiences that ultimately led to them to violent crime. In most cases, the offenders were victims of violence well before they became violent offenders themselves. It was an emotionally painful and time consuming program designed to reprogram them and their behavior by understanding their own feelings and how their actions affected other people.In the program at The Gidding School there was a specific gang member named Ronnie who was convicted of armed robbery and kidnapping of an elderly couple. Through intense therapy it was learned that he previously suffered from different forms of abuse throughout his life. Family fighting, drug use, poor parental guidance ultimately led to a life of anger and violence. As a child, his mother would often leave Ronnie and his brother Kenny alone while she went out to use drugs. On occasion, his aunt would look after the two boys while their mother was away.Not only did their aunt physically abuse them, but later on their mother’s boyfriend introduced them to using and selling drugs, stealing, and guns. Re-living these memories was as agonizing and traumatic as one could imagine but it was paramount in learning how and why he became the person he did. Many boys at Giddings were convinced that no one loved them, and Ronnie was no exception. Giddings therapists used these sessions to break through the wall he put up thinking that no one loved them or cared what happened to them. More often than not, they were successful reaching students thi s way.One unique approach to developing self worth for the students at Giddings was the organization of a football program where they actually played surrounding schools. Hubner saw that this not only was a great release of aggression but also created a sense of trust and camaraderie among students based on mutual respect. Ironically, it was on the football field where they learned that there are alternatives to the violence they usually used to resolve differences. Unlike many football teams with teenage boys, winning was not the ultimate goal for the players at Giddings. In fact, they lost their final game.However, they all felt a sense of pride and recognition for starting and finishing the football season as a team. The girls at Giddings, on the other hand, were treated somewhat different than their male counterparts. They had different ways of expressing their emotional pain that led to the crimes they committed. Surprisingly, one hundred percent of them had been sexually or ph ysically assaulted. With females, therapist had to dig even deeper than they normally would have with boys. This could be somewhat dangerous since the girls were much more emotional and measurably more violent during therapy sessions.Oddly enough, female fights were more unexpected, viscous, and ended more painfully than those of the boys. One interesting approach in therapy was when parents of murdered children visited the program and told their stories. The idea was to appeal to the inner hearts of the emotionally withdrawn young female offenders. It was thought that females would better identify with the stories of these families and be able to tell their own story. It proved effective as many made great emotional progress and were able to tell their own stories in therapy.One by one all the young women opened up, pouring out their feelings they had been holding inside for so long. It was an incredible experience to witness for everyone in attendance. Upon graduation from The Gid dings School, each student goes their separate way. For many, going back to institutions and detention centers was their next stop in their journey. Others went back to their respective homes with their families. Many of these students managed to change their lives for the better and become someone they never thought they could.They are the rehabilitation success stories for The Giddings School. Sadly however, there are many that are not rehabilitated and eventually return to correctional facilities. This book is an intense story about rehabilitation and hope within the juvenile justice system. The young men and young women at Giddings can go through years of intense therapy and counseling. Only after they learn how to deal with their past and the pain they have endured, can they begin to heal. Most kids enter Giddings with no feelings of love, self worth, respect for others, or hope.However, through very structured program administered by loving therapist and staff members, most st udents begin to realize that though they have made mistakes, they too are loved. This book would be an outstanding reference for anyone interested in learning about a more positive approach to rehabilitating violent youth offenders who seem to have no hope. The Giddings School consistently provides some of the best results in the county. At Giddings, kids with no hope they leave with feeling of self worth, love, and sometimes even a new family.