Problems with Cultural Relativism in Anthropology

Cultural Relativism and Problems Associated with This Approach Cultural anthropology is the study of cultural variation among people. An essential concept that professional anthropologists apply in their fieldworks is - cultural relativism - an approach to study of the nature and role of values in a culture without judgment and comparison to their own. According to the Study Guide, Smillie and Kenny state that major contribution to the study of the concept of cultural relativism can be attributed to Boas and his students, who challenged a wide-spread idea that societies are staged along a line from the most undeveloped to most â€Å"civilized.† Rather, they suggested that each individual culture should be understood in terms of its unique†¦show more content†¦Thus, in order to understand and speculate about others, it is important to understand human nature in the light of unique cultural customs and beliefs before passing judgment. However, there are situations when it is difficult to suspend judgment and engage with a cultural relativist approach. Particularly, when people engage in behaviors that are harmful to individuals or when basic human rights are at stake, sometimes it is necessary to intervene and hold back cultural tolerance. On the other hand, it has been questioned whether it is ethical to impose one’s beliefs and cultural standards on someone else; especially, when subjected individuals have no concerns with their controversial cultural practices. Who decides at what degree of a controversial issue an anthropologist has a right to intervene on account of human rights violation? On that note, this paper will focus on the issues of human rights violation that makes it difficult to engage in cultural relativism. While each cultural practice, controversial or not, can be justified within its cultural content, it does not mean that it is appropriate and accepted. Take into account an international debate that has been going on over the issue of â€Å"female circumcision† discussed in the article â€Å"Searching for Voices:Show MoreRelatedAnthropology : An Anthropological Perspective874 Words   |  4 Pages Anthropology is the study of humans throughout the world. It examines our ancestors, how we behave, adapt to different environments, communicate, socialize with one another, and more. The study of anthropology focuses on the features that make us human; our genetic makeup, the evolution of humans, and the physiology. It also focuses on language, religion, family, and more. The goal of anthropology is to be able to describe and analyze the different cultures. Anthropologist believes that the onlyRead More Cultural Relativism vs. Ethnocentism - which is more objective?1042 Words    |  5 Pagesultimately subjective, as our perceptions of cultural differences are shaped largely by our immersion in our own culture. An ethnocentric approach stems from judging an alternate culture in relation to one’s own pre-conceived cultural values, held to be superior; the parallax phenomenon, the inability to escape our own biases, prevents objective analysis of different cultures. A cultural relativist maintains the post-modernist view that there is no moral or cultural high-ground with which to judge one cultureRead MoreStudy questions Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesas race, class and sexuality? Why are these factors difficult to label and identify? How has anthropology changed since its origins? Why is globalization difficult to define? What are the different spheres of globalization? What processes are involved in globalization? Which aspects of globalization are old and which ones are recent? What are the critiques of globalization? Why is anthropology interested in globalization and its impact on gender? Chapter 2. A History of Gender and Difference Read MoreRelativism, By Rachel s And Williams Standpoint On Relativism1386 Words   |  6 PagesRelativism, defined by Rachel’s is the differentiation of cultural codes among societies, in respect to morality. Insofar the problem that is faced is whether or not there is a universal moral code all people can abide too? In explaining Rachel’s and Williams standpoint on Relativism and what they argue for, I on the other hand, will argue for relativism, in using some of Rachel’s views, in rejecting Williams conclusion of relativism. For Williams perceives no one outside of a society should impendRead MorePhilosophical Implications of Cultural Relativism4081 Words   |  17 PagesPhilosophical Implications of Cultural Relativism Philosophical position of Cultural Relativism is best understood in terms of its epistemological, ethical and logical implications. Philosophical means articulation, argumentation, analysis, and synthesis of the idea, principle or concept. [1] Implication is a relationship between two propositions that holds when both propositions are true and fails when the first is true but the second is false. It is to develop a logical cohesion among argumentsRead MoreThe Human Terrain System ( Hts )856 Words   |  4 Pagesthe military units in countries like Afghanistan and Iraq to prevent rebellion towards the US troops. The use of anthropology and anthropologists in the HTS comes with a great deal of problems, which are not accounted for but turn out to have a huge impact on the world. Resulting in the false representation and thereby, harm, towards a specific community, the issue of cultural relativism and deaths/injuries to anthropologists Using anthropologists in situations like this causes false representationRead MoreCultural Differences Between Social Systems And Human Relationships1614 Words   |  7 Pagesbacklash their ethnography created or even plain and simple cultural differences. Anthropology tries to account for the social and cultural variation in the world, but an important part of any anthropological project, such as an ethnography also consists of understanding similarities between social systems and human relationships. As one of the foremost anthropologists of the 20th century, Claude Là ©vi-Strauss (1908[2009), once wrote, â€Å"Anthropology has humanity as its object of research, but unlike theRead MoreEthnocentrism1047 Words   |  5 Pages(Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism) As a Sociologist, should we practice Cultural Ethnocentrism or Cultural Relativism? We must first understand the two distinct theories regarding perception of outside cultures: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of ones own culture.[1] The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concernRead MoreEthical Relativism Is An Unsound And Unreliable Ethical Philosophy1742 Words   |  7 Pages Ethical Relativism is an unsound and unreliable ethical philosophy Mohammed Jweihan Ethics for a Global Economy Ethical Relativism is an unsound and unreliable ethical philosophy Cultural and ethical relativisms are widely used theories that explain differences among cultures and their ethics and morals. Morality deals with individual character and the moral rules that are meant to govern and limit one’s character. On the other hand Ethics is somewhat interchangeable with moralsRead MoreCultural Relativsim vs. Ethnocentrism1190 Words   |  5 Pagesfoundation of ethnocentrism and intolerance; when you only know of those like yourself, it is easy to imagine that you are alone in the world or alone in being good and right in the world. Exposure to diversity, on the contrary, is the basis for relativism and tolerance; when you are forced to face and accept the Other as real, unavoidable, and ultimately valuable, you cannot help but see yourself and your truths in a new - and trouble - way.† What he meant is that because some people are isolated

Answer Key Essay - 33443 Words

International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) An Applied Approach 2013 Update for use with 2012 Edition Revisions and Exercise Answer Key Lynn M. Kuehn, MS, RHIA, CCS-P, FAHIMA Therese M. Jorwic, MPH, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, FAHIMA ICD-10-PCS Flashcards The first step in mastering ICD-10-PCS is to become familiar with the terminology, structure and format of this new code set. In addition to the Flash Card software program found on the CD-ROM in the back of the text, AHIMA also offers a deck of ICD-10-PCS flashcards. These high quality flashcards will help you to learn all of the definitions. The full-color flashcards define the 31 Medical and Surgical Root Operations and the†¦show more content†¦The last sentence now reads â€Å"Example: In the Lower Joints body system, the device value 3 in the root operation Insertion specifies Infusion Device and the device value 3 in the root operation Replacement specifies Ceramic Synthetic Substitute.† Coding Guideline B3.1b on page 35 updated. The Guideline now reads: â€Å"Components of a procedure specified in the root operation definition and explanation are not coded separately. Procedural steps necessary to reach the operative site and close the operative site, including anastomosis of a tubular body part, are also not coded separately.† Also in this Guideline there is a sentence added to the Example that reads: â€Å"In a resection of sigmoid colon with anastomosis of descending colon to rectum, the anastomosis is not coded separately.† New Coding Guideline B4.8 to be added on page 46 On page 56 in Operative Report #2 in the Description of Operative Technique in the 9th line, change the sentence to read: â€Å"A portion of the skin of the plantar aspect of the footShow MoreRelatedanswer key1163 Words   |  5 Pageshave in your account today?   a.  $4,925.34 b.  $5,634.48 c.  $13,880.59 d.  $18,121.84 e.  $19,369.43 21. Given the balance sheet and income state for Marni Company, compute the ratios that are also shown for the industry average. The right answer refers to the question of whether a particular ratio for Marni is better or worse than the industry average. (20 points) MARNI COMPANY Balance Sheet As of December 31, 2006 Assets Liabilities Cash $50,000 Accounts Payable $100Read MoreMotivation Is The Key Answer1390 Words   |  6 PagesAt school we can often see two types of students: some doing everything to achieve good grades while others excel in the art of procrastinating. What can explain this difference of behaviours towards studies and learning? Motivation is the key answer. In the psychology study from Yale University about motivation and reward in learning, the notion of reward appears to be an extremely important factor of motivation which enables an effective learning. 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Online Spatial Delivery System

Question: Write an essay onOnline Spatial Delivery System. Answer: Introduction OSDS is based on the PaaS model of cloud computing. Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a model that provides the platform for the development of an application and all the relevant environmental requirements as well ("What is PaaS?", 2016). The six components that play an important role in the migration of OSDS to a cloud provider are Remote Administration followed by Resource Management and SLA Management. The other three in the list that play a significant role are Application Resilience, Data backup and storage along with the Disaster Recovery. Remote Administration It is a process that allows the controlling and other tasks doable from a location that is remote in nature (cbigconsulting.com, 2016). There are a few shortcomings associated with this component and are described further. There are a number of tools that do not scale properly and that emerges as an issue for the remote administrator. At the computer system level and at the mobile devices level, there are multiple operating systems that are being used by the organizations with Android, Windows and iOS top in the list. These operating systems have varied speeds and characteristics which distinguish them from each other. However, this becomes a problem for remote administration as multi-platform support becomes a tedious task. There are also issues associated with the security measures such as cryptography, authentication measures and the steps taken to control the access (sans.org, 2016). Resource Management Resources are the asset of any organization and there are many resources capable of multiple skills associated with the organization. Some of the resources such as business owner, project manager, database administrator, operations head, networking head and several teams such as those belong to the design, development, testing, networking, support and maintenance departments play a significant role. It is of utmost importance to manage these resources and before the project begines, there needs to be answers in place for the following questions. Does OSDS has a resource tagging strategy or needs to be developed? What is the involvenet of internal structure management? What is the policy and procedure that is followed in the allocation of resources? What happens with the resources if the project is completed before the deadline or gets delayed? What is the position of metadata in OSDS? (s3.amazonaws.com, 2016) There are a number of advantages for resource management as: It would enable a central file server and repository for the resources and their details. All of the information can then be handled from one location ("Project Resource Management Benefits | Innotas", 2016) Assessment of the resource skills would become easy Complete transparency between the workers and the managers Attendence management, leave policy and change management would become handy (Singh, 2013) A strong connect and bridge would be formed between the employee, employer and the set goals of the company ("Human Resource Management (HRM) - duties, benefits", 2016). Increase in efficiency and productivity by a good margin. SLA Management SLA is a contract or a written agreement that defines the services that have been agreed upon between the user of the service and the provider of the service. DSI and cloud provider are the respective parties that would be involved in OSDS as user and provider. SLA is defined and designed at three different levels. The one that is of prime concern in case of OSDS is at the service level (Bose et al., 2011). The following factors would be of prime importance in OSDS: The details of the services such as features and budget associated with the services that have been finalized between DSI and cloud provider Resource allocation process and the roles that have been assigned to each member from low to top management Role of internal partners in the project and services A flow chart depicting the processes in a high level Indicators that define the status of performance (mitsm.de, 2016) Application Resilience Like every other application and project, OSDS also has a set of requirements that are of higher priority than the rest. Such requirements are termed as High Availability (HA) requirements that require well planning and immediate support for execution. The best practice to follow in this case is the development of business strategy that targets the following points apart from the rest: An application that is sure to provide the services at all times in a reliable manner Downtime of the services is minimal Best practices are used in every phase Ample data storage option Cloud architecture Data Storage and Backup Big Data tools and databases such as NoSQL can be used for efficienct storage and backup of the information associated with OSDS. NoSQL is the datbase that can store and analyze the data without any complications. Easy visualizations, rich reporting and flexible modes are the added features of the database. It can also aid in the predictive analysis of data (Pentaho, 2016). Here are some of the examples of NoSQL databases: AmazonSimpleDB The task of dB admin becomes easier with this one and it belongs to the non-relational category (Goes, J. 2016). Terrastore Consistency, scalability and superb performance are the features that come with this one. It offers indexing features too (Big Data Made Simple - One source. Many perspectives., 2014). MongoDB It is an open source agile database that offers scalability, supreme performance and high availability. Elasticsearch RESTful web services can be used with the help of this one as it has the ability to support the same. Disaster Recovery There are a number of risks that are associated with the cloud services and the measures need to be adapted such that the impact of harm in occurrence of such an event is minimum and the services are brough back to normal in a quick turnaround time. These are the measures that should be adopted to avoid the risks at the first place and recover from the same. Preventative These are the primary points of security that must be present in any organization and its architecture such as use of anti-virus, set up of firewalls and physical security measures such as guards at entry points and use if an identity check. Reactive These come in the picture when the event has already taken place. Detective Measures such as intrusion detection and motion detection fall in this category of countermeasures Administrative There are always a defined policy or a set of guidelines that is associated in the business strategy. These measures make sure that all the processes adhere to the same. Disaster Recovery (DR) in cloud computing is the method to have proper backup and recovery strategy in place which focuses upon management of the copies of data on the cloud ("What is cloud disaster recovery (cloud DR)? - Definition from WhatIs.com", 2016). DR would allow the recovery process to be enabled in multiple locations (Kiblin, 2011). There are a number of strategies that have been developed in order to have a correct DR procedure (aws.amazon.com, 2016). Cloud for disaster recovery is a viable option for DSI both from the financial perspective and from the control perspective as well (Dix, 2016). Conclusions Opportunities and Risks Cloud suffers from certain potential and probable risks as well that mainly revolve around data protection and information security. These risks include loss of data, accessing of the data by an unauthorized user, denial of services, attack of malicious software, spoofing, phishing and inadequate due diligence. Such risks possess a threat to the confidentiality, integrity and authneticty of the information, Use of authorizations measures along with proper access controls are mandatory to protect the data belonging to OSDS. The data associated is private and confidential in nature and the landing of the same in unauthorized hands could be extremely adverse for DSI. ("Risks of cloud computing | Queensland Government", 2016). The six components that have been discussed in the migration of OSDS to the PaaS model of cloud computing reolve around the storage of data and the use of best practices in the management of SLA and resources. Remote Administration is one area that suffers from certain major drawbacks associated with the support and scalability. It is recommended to develop a business strategy for every entity and then proceed according to the same. It would not only help in achieving the results but would also provide fault tolerace, availability and reliability of the services. References Bose, S., Pasala, A., Ramanujam A, D., Murthy, S. and Malaiyandisamy, G. (2011). SLA Management in Cloud Computing: A Service Provider's Perspective. Cloud Computing, pp.413-436. A deep dive into NoSQL: A complete list of NoSQL databases. (2014). Big Data Made Simple - One source. Many perspectives.. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://bigdata-madesimple.com/a-deep-dive-into-nosql-a-complete-list-of-nosql-databases/ aws.amazon.com,. (2016). Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://aws.amazon.com/disaster-recovery/ cbigconsulting.com,. (2016). Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.cbigconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Advantages-of-Remote-Administration.pdf Dix, J. (2016). Cloud computing causing rethinking of disaster recovery. Network World. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.networkworld.com/article/2168624/cloud-computing/cloud-computing-causing-rethinking-of-disaster-recovery.html Goes, J. (2016). How to choose a NoSQL analytics system. InfoWorld. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.infoworld.com/article/2983953/nosql/how-to-choose-a-nosql-analytics-system.html Human Resource Management (HRM) - duties, benefits. (2016). Referenceforbusiness.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Gov-Inc/Human-Resource-Management-HRM.html Kiblin, T. (2011). How To Use Cloud Computing For Disaster Recovery. CRN. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.crn.com/blogs-op-ed/channel-voices/230700011/how-to-use-cloud-computing-for-disaster-recovery.htm mitsm.de,. (2016). Mitsm.de. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.mitsm.de/service-level-agreement-management-en Pentaho and NoSQL Databases. (2016). Pentaho. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.pentaho.com/big-data-analytics/nosql-databases Project Resource Management Benefits | Innotas. (2016). Innotas. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.innotas.com/solutions-topic/project-resource-management-benefits Risks of cloud computing | Queensland Government. (2016). Business.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/running/technology-for-business/cloud-computing-business/cloud-computing-risks s3.amazonaws.com,. (2016). Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://s3.amazonaws.com/awsmedia/AWS_Operational_Checklists.pdf sans.org,. (2016). Sans.org. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/compliance-security-challenges-remote-administration-34945 Singh, A. (2013). Benefits of Implementing a Resource Planning Software in your Organization. Project-Management.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://project-management.com/benefits-of-implementing-a-resource-planning-software-in-your-organization/ What is cloud disaster recovery (cloud DR)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (2016). SearchCloudStorage. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://searchcloudstorage.techtarget.com/definition/cloud-disaster-recovery-cloud-DR What is cloud disaster recovery (cloud DR)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (2016). SearchCloudStorage. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://searchcloudstorage.techtarget.com/definition/cloud-disaster-recovery-cloud-DR What is PaaS?. (2016). Interoute. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.interoute.com/what-paas

Will Robots Change Our Lives in the Future free essay sample

Will robots change our lives in the future? Its a funny question to ask and it does not take a rocket scientist to understand that theyre changing our lives now in so many ways. They record our shows, cook our food, play our music, and even run our cars. We just dont see it because these robots dont have a face we can talk to or a butt we can kick. We are living in a technological era, when more and more high-tech gadgetry and automated appliances appear every day, when a lot of scientific enquiries are held. In fact we are only a consumer society that moves with the times. And advances made in robot’s field are just the job. Nowadays exist a lot of new kinds of robots and machines. And here are some of the newest. 1. Humanoid Ever-1 Android Ever-1 is a Korean android that is able to move its upper body, hold a conversation, and make facial expressions. We will write a custom essay sample on Will Robots Change Our Lives in the Future? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It can even make eye contact with the people near it. Although it can’t move its lower limbs, it can be used to read to children, provide information in a public setting or hold a demonstration. That is one man think tank. This chatty-batty robot is a successful application of artificial intelligence that caused a stir within the community. 2. USC Robota Dolls The Robota Dolls from USC may look a little†¦terrifying. But to the best of my knowledge Robota dolls have a significantly beneficial use: they help autistic children learn to react to facial expressions. They can also be used for a variety of other learning games and activities for handicapped children. The Robota Dolls stood the test of time and pulled off striking achievements. 3. T-Rot Robotic Bartender In 2005, visitors at the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum were greeted by a robotic bartender. The â€Å"T-Rot† can recognize speech, fetch items it’s asked to get, and pick up delicate items thanks to its incredible synthetic skin. The skin can detect different pressures, just like human skin, and adjust its grip accordingly. The inventors of the robot worked their fingers to the bone and got AI out of the door and into the successful application. This robot is earning its keep in hotels, restaurants and different companies. 4. Waseda University Flautist Robot Waseda University has been developing a flute-playing robot since 1990, but the most recent version, the Waseda Flutist 4, has taken the media by storm. The inventors got at it hammer and tongs and pushed the right buttons. This amazing mechanical man can play a perfect rendition of â€Å"The Flight of the Bumblebee† with mecha-lips and mecha-lungs. The robot curved its reputation thanks to this song. It is a new blood among the robots. 5. Rat Brain-Powered Robot This robot is an amazing discovery that runs on rat brain cells. The rats became inventors’ guinea pigs. The cells are still alive and trained to perform the tasks of moving the robot around. The research centers are keeping their noses to the grindstone and are doing ground-breaking researches on eventually disrupting the memories of the brain cells to simulate Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s Disease. This will help researchers to study how the brain deals with such disruptions. But for a lot of people it is hard to bring home to themselves how they can treat so shabbily with rats. The consumer society we live in becomes more and more technological and people in it work by the sweat of theirs brow to do a lot of scientific projects and to make a change for the better. In the light of recent events we can see a lot of high-tech gadgetry that change and expand our life.